While advancements in autonomous vehicle (AV) technology heavily favor urban environments, rural and tribal regions remain severely underprepared for automated deployment due to physical infrastructure deficiencies and communication limitations. To address this disparity, this paper formulates a scalable, low-cost multimodal framework designed to systematically evaluate rural infrastructure readiness across three critical operational domains: communication connectivity, lane marking detectability, and road surface kinematics.
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/26/19/6067